Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-10 (of 10 Records) |
Query Trace: Sharapov UM[original query] |
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Multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of fresh spinach: United States, 2006
Sharapov UM , Wendel AM , Davis JP , Keene WE , Farrar J , Sodha S , Hyytia-Trees E , Leeper M , Gerner-Smidt P , Griffin PM , Braden C . J Food Prot 2016 79 (12) 2024-2030 During September to October, 2006, state and local health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated a large, multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. Case patients were interviewed regarding specific foods consumed and other possible exposures. E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from human and food specimens were subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analyses (MLVA). Two hundred twenty-five cases (191 confirmed and 34 probable) were identified in 27 states; 116 (56%) case patients were hospitalized, 39 (19%) developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, and 5 (2%) died. Among 176 case patients from whom E. coli O157:H7 with the outbreak genotype (MLVA outbreak strain) was isolated and who provided details regarding spinach exposure, 161 (91%) reported fresh spinach consumption during the 10 days before illness began. Among 116 patients who provided spinach brand information, 106 (91%) consumed bagged brand A. E. coli O157:H7 strains were isolated from 13 bags of brand A spinach collected from patients' homes; isolates from 12 bags had the same MLVA pattern. Comprehensive epidemiologic and laboratory investigations associated this large multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections with consumption of fresh bagged spinach. MLVA, as a supplement to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping of case patient isolates, was important to discern outbreak-related cases. This outbreak resulted in enhanced federal and industry guidance to improve the safety of leafy green vegetables and launched an independent collaborative approach to produce safety research in 2007. |
The World Health Organization measles programmatic risk assessment tool-pilot testing in India, 2014
Goel K , Naithani S , Bhatt D , Khera A , Sharapov UM , Kriss JL , Goodson JL , Laserson KF , Goel P , Kumar RM , Chauhan LS . Risk Anal 2016 37 (6) 1063-1071 Measles is a leading cause of child mortality, and reduction of child mortality is a key Millennium Development Goal. In 2014, the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed a measles programmatic risk assessment tool to support country measles elimination efforts. The tool was pilot tested in the State of Uttarakhand in August 2014 to assess its utility in India. The tool assessed measles risk for the 13 districts of Uttarakhand as a function of indicator scores in four categories: population immunity, surveillance quality, program delivery performance, and threat. The highest potential overall score was 100. Scores from each category were totaled to assign an overall risk score for each district. From this risk score, districts were categorized as low, medium, high, or very high risk. Of the 13 districts in Uttarakhand in 2014, the tool classified one district (Haridwar) as very high risk and three districts (Almora, Champawat, and Pauri Garhwal) as high risk. The measles risk in these four districts was largely due to low population immunity from high MCV1-MCV2 drop-out rates, low MCV1 and MCV2 coverage, and the lack of a supplementary immunization activity (SIA) within the past three years. This tool can be used to support measles elimination in India by identifying districts that might be at risk for measles outbreaks, and to guide risk mitigation efforts, including strengthening routine immunization services and implementing SIAs. |
Progress toward measles elimination - Nepal, 2007-2014
Khanal S , Sedai TR , Choudary GR , Giri JN , Bohara R , Pant R , Gautam M , Sharapov UM , Goodson JL , Alexander J , Dabbagh A , Strebel P , Perry RT , Bah S , Abeysinghe N , Thapa A . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (8) 206-10 In 2013, the 66th session of the Regional Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region (SEAR) established a goal to eliminate measles and to control rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)* in SEAR by 2020 (1,2). Current recommended measles elimination strategies in the region include 1) achieving and maintaining ≥95% coverage with 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) in every district, delivered through the routine immunization program or through supplementary immunization activities (SIAs)(dagger); 2) developing and sustaining a sensitive and timely measles case-based surveillance system that meets minimum recommended performance indicators( section sign); 3) developing and maintaining an accredited measles laboratory network; and 4) achieving timely identification, investigation, and response to measles outbreaks. In 2013, Nepal, one of the 11 SEAR member states, adopted a goal for national measles elimination by 2019 (3). This report updates a previous report (4) and summarizes progress toward measles elimination in Nepal during 2007-2014. During 2007-2014, estimated coverage with the first MCV dose (MCV1) increased from 81% to 88%. Approximately 3.9 and 9.7 million children were vaccinated in SIAs conducted in 2008 and 2014, respectively (1). Reported suspected measles incidence declined by 13% during 2007-2014, from 54 to 47 cases per 1 million population. However, in 2014, 81% of districts did not meet the measles case-based surveillance performance indicator target of ≥2 discarded non-measles cases( paragraph sign) per 100,000 population per year. To achieve and maintain measles elimination, additional measures are needed to strengthen routine immunization services to increase coverage with MCV1 and a recently introduced second dose of MCV (MCV2**) to ≥95% in all districts, and to enhance sensitivity of measles case-based surveillance by adopting a more sensitive case definition, expanding case-based surveillance sites nationwide, and ensuring timely transport of specimens to the accredited national laboratory. |
Hepatitis a infections among food handlers in the United States, 1993–2011
Sharapov UM , Kentenyants K , Groeger J , Roberts H , Holmberg SD , Collier MG . Public Health Rep 2016 131 (1) 26-29 We reviewed news reports of hepatitis A virus (HAV)-infected food handlers in the United States from 1993 to 2011 using the LexisNexis® search engine. Using U.S. news reports, we identified 192 HAV-infected food handlers who worked while infectious; of these HAV-infected individuals, 34 (18%) transmitted HAV to restaurant patrons. News reports of HAV-infected food handlers declined from 1993 to 2011. This analysis suggests that universal childhood vaccination contributed to the decrease in reports of HAV-infected food handlers, but mandatory vaccination of this group is unlikely to be cost-effective. |
Hepatitis E virus infection in a liver transplant recipient in the United States: a case report
Te HS , Drobeniuc J , Kamili S , Dong C , Hart J , Sharapov UM . Transplant Proc 2013 45 (2) 810-3 BACKGROUND: Chronic infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently been recognized in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals. CASE REPORT: We report a case of concurrent HEV and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) infection, documented by serum HEV RNA and HHV-6 DNA, in an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipient in the United States, where HEV genotype 3 infection, although prevalent, is considered to be self-limited and almost always asymptomatic. The coinfection was accompanied by elevated serum aminotransaminases, liver biopsies demonstrating chronic hepatitis, and the presence of HEV RNA in the tissue. After lowering of immunosuppressive therapy and 2 courses of valganciclovir, sequential clearance of the viruses and normalization of the serum aminotransaminases were observed. CONCLUSIONS: HEV infection can lead to chronic hepatitis in OLT recipients, and evaluation of this virus should be considered in immunosuppressed individuals with unexplained liver test abnormalities. |
Laboratory-based surveillance for hepatitis E virus infection, United States, 2005-2012
Drobeniuc J , Greene-Montfort T , Le NT , Mixson-Hayden TR , Ganova-Raeva L , Dong C , Novak RT , Sharapov UM , Tohme RA , Teshale E , Kamili S , Teo CG . Emerg Infect Dis 2013 19 (2) 218-22 To investigate characteristics of hepatitis E cases in the United States, we tested samples from persons seronegative for acute hepatitis A and B whose clinical specimens were referred to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during June 2005-March 2012 for hepatitis E virus (HEV) testing. We found that 26 (17%) of 154 persons tested had hepatitis E. Of these, 15 had not recently traveled abroad (nontravelers), and 11 had (travelers). Compared with travelers, nontravelers were older (median 61 vs. 32 years of age) and more likely to be anicteric (53% vs. 8%); the nontraveler group also had fewer persons of South Asian ethnicity (7% vs. 73%) and more solid-organ transplant recipients (47% vs. 0). HEV genotype 3 was characterized from 8 nontravelers and genotypes 1 or 4 from 4 travelers. Clinicians should consider HEV infection in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis, regardless of patient travel history. |
Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine in Alaska 17 years after initial childhood series
Raczniak GA , Bulkow L , Bruce MG , Zanis C , Baum R , Snowball M , Byrd KK , Sharapov UM , Hennessy TW , McMahon BJ . J Infect Dis 2012 207 (3) 493-6 CDC recommends hepatitis A vaccination for all children at age 1 year and high risk adults. The vaccine is highly effective; however, protection duration is unknown. We report hepatitis A antibody concentrations 17 years after childhood immunization, demonstrating protective antibody levels remain and have stabilized over the past 7 years. |
Hepatitis B vaccination of susceptible elderly residents of long term care facilities during a hepatitis B outbreak
Williams RE , Sena AC , Moorman AC , Moore ZS , Sharapov UM , Drobenuic J , Hu DJ , Wood HW , Xing J , Spradling PR . Vaccine 2012 30 (21) 3147-50 Protection of older persons, particularly those with diabetes, against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is of growing concern because of increased reports of outbreaks among long-term care facility residents receiving assisted blood glucose monitoring. We evaluated hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity among residents immunized in response to two such outbreaks in skilled nursing facilities during June 2009-July 2010. One hundred forty-eight (71%) of 209 residents were found to be susceptible to HBV infection. Of 105 patients who began a vaccination series with Twinrix((R)) (0-, 1-, 6-month dosing), 86 (82%) completed the series and postvaccination testing. Of these, most were elderly (median age 79.5 years; range 45-101), female (56%), and African-American (51%). Twenty-nine (34%) vaccinated residents had post-vaccination hepatitis B surface antibody levels ≥10mIU/ml. There were no significant differences in vaccine response by age, gender, race, diabetes status, body mass index, or current smoking status. Our findings indicate that a low proportion of skilled nursing facility residents achieved a seroprotective response after hepatitis B vaccination. |
Persistence of hepatitis A vaccine induced seropositivity in infants and young children by maternal antibody status: 10-year follow-up
Sharapov UM , Bulkow LR , Negus SE , Spradling PR , Homan C , Drobeniuc J , Bruce M , Kamili S , Hu DJ , McMahon BJ . Hepatology 2012 56 (2) 516-22 Persistence of seropositivity conferred by hepatitis A vaccine administered to children under 2 years of age is unknown and passively transferred maternal antibodies to hepatitis A virus (maternal anti-HAV) may lower the infant's immune response to the vaccine. Infants and young children (N=197) were randomized into three groups to receive a two dose hepatitis A vaccine (HAVRIX, GlaxoSmithKline; 720 EL.U. in 0.5 ml): group 1 at 6 and 12 months, group 2 at 12 and 18 months, and group 3 at 15 and 21 months of age; within each group infants were randomized by maternal anti-HAV status. Anti-HAV levels were measured at 1 and 6 months, and at 3, 5, 7 and 10 years after second dose of hepatitis A vaccination. Children in all groups had evidence of seroprotection (>10 mIU/mL) at 1 month after dose 2. At 10 years, all children retained seroprotective anti-HAV levels except for only 7% and 11% of children in group 1 born to anti-HAV negative and anti-HAV positive mothers, respectively and 4% of group 3 children born to anti-HAV negative mothers. At 10 years, children born to anti-HAV-negative mothers in Group 3 had highest geometric mean concentration (GMC) (97 mIU/mL, 95% CI: 71-133) and children born to anti-HAV-positive mothers in Group 1 had lowest GMC (29 mIU/mL, 95% CI: 20, 4052). Anti-HAV levels through 10 years of age correlated with initial peak anti-HAV levels (tested at 1 month after second dose). CONCLUSION: The seropositivity induced by hepatitis A vaccine given to children < 2 years of age persists for at least 10 years regardless of presence of maternal anti-HAV. (HEPATOLOGY 2012.). |
An outbreak of hepatitis A among primary and secondary contacts of an international adoptee
Pelletier AR , Mehta PJ , Burgess DR , Bondeson LM , Carson PJ , Rea VE , Sharapov UM , Hu DJ . Public Health Rep 2010 125 (5) 642-6 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that susceptible people traveling to developing countries receive hepatitis A vaccine or immune globulin prior to departure. Until 2009, the recommendations did not address non-traveling family members or other close contacts of international adoptees. We report an outbreak of hepatitis A in 2008 that occurred in Maine. Eight members of an extended family developed hepatitis A following the arrival of an asymptomatic infant from Ethiopia who was brought to the United States by an adoption agency. Two children in the family attended an elementary school where five additional cases of hepatitis A were subsequently identified. Only three (1%) of 208 students at the school had previously been immunized against hepatitis A. This outbreak highlights the need to immunize household members and other close contacts of families adopting children from countries where hepatitis A is endemic, as well as all children at one year of age. |
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